Philosopher John Searle talks about consciousness, noting that for consciousness to exist, there must be behavior in a causal structure--not simply behavior alone. As an example, Professor Searle talks about his radio which he says provides intellig...
Philosopher Hilary Putnam discusses the Turing test and explains why he doesn't think it's a valid method by which to establish that a machine can be considered conscious and capable of thinking.
Philosopher John Searle talks about reduction, and details a number of the scientific phenomena that are what he calls "textbook models of reduction." Some of these include color, light, and the heat of a gas. Professor Searle goes on to say that it...