Health of the Nation; Health of the Planet: Environmental Pollution--A Global Concern
Environmental protection, both within and without the borders of the United States, is a critical concern to this country. Carbon emissions that occur half a world away affect populations across the globe and contribute to global climate change. For...
Thermal Treatment Technologies: Hazardous Waste Incinerators
Because most hazardous wastes cannot be landfilled, incineration provides an alternative. Whereas municipal waste incineration must meet the requirements of the Clean Air Act, hazardous waste incineration must comply with the Resource Conservation ...
Thermal Treatment Technologies: Municipal Waste and Reciprocating Grate Systems
One of the thermal treatment technologies that strives to make the best use of time, temperature and turbulence is the reciprocating grate incinerator, used by nearly 250 municipalities.
The Papermaking Industry: Recycled Pulping
Approximately forty percent of the fiber in U.S. paper products is recycled, or secondary, fiber. Re-pulping fibers that have already been processed shortens them and weakens their bonding capacity, so secondary fiber is often mixed with virgin fib...
Chemical Treatment Technologies: Chemical Principles
Chemicals provide the building blocks for everything in our physical world. Uncontrolled, their misuse can result in tragedy. As a safeguard against potential dangers, treatment processes are being implemented to mitigate or eliminate the harmful ...
Chemical Treatment Technologies: Oxidation and Reduction: An Overview
While some metals can be readily precipitated, others cannot be until they are reduced. The clarified water resulting from these processes can then be discharged into a municipal wastewater treatment system.
Chemical Treatment Technologies: Precipitation and Toxicity
The electroplating industry uses many chemicals in the process of plating objects like golf clubs and water faucets with metals such as chromium and copper. Before the chemically-laden water used in the electroplating process can be released into s...
Chemical Treatment Technologies: Electrolysis
The oxidation/reduction process is applied by industries in several unique and environmentally beneficial ways. The most frequently used technique is electrolysis. This is especially common in the photographic processing industry.
Chemical Treatment Technologies: Innovative Oxidation Processes
To reduce the reliance on harmful chlorinated oxidizing agents, the EPA has conducted numerous demonstrations of the effectiveness of safer oxygen-based compounds. The performance of these oxidizers can be enhanced by the addition of powerful ultra...
Chemical Treatment Technologies: Ozonation
Traditionally, chlorine has been used as a disinfectant to kill viruses and bacteria in drinking water. However, chlorine has the disadvantage of reacting with organics in the water, producing potentially carcinogenic by-products. Ozonation, an ox...