Hard Times: Minority Groups Hard Hit During Depression
Blacks in the rural South fall to the bottom of the economic ladder; blacks in the North are first to be thrown into unemployment. Mexicans also lose their jobs when workforces are restructured, particularly in California. There is increasing eviden...
Meeting Ground, The: Anti-Chinese Sentiments
When the Transcontinental Railroad is completed, Chinese laborers settle in cities like San Francisco to work in such industries as shoe- or cigar-making. This causes such deep resentment among white laborers that Chinese workers are relegated to se...
Manifest Destiny?: Mine Workers Face Discrimination and Exploitation
Laborers are urgently needed to support this new mining enterprise in California. Young men from as far away as China look upon this as a golden opportunity and begin to emigrate in large numbers. But when they arrive they face violence at the hands...
Meeting Ground, The: Violence Against Chinese Grows
In order to survive in an unfriendly atmosphere, Chinese immigrants bond together, often living in enclaves referred to as Chinatowns. This protective gesture creates a new round of stereotypes about who they are and what their intentions are. Their...
Meeting Ground, The: Chinese Migration, The
Like generations of immigrants before them, the Chinese cross the Pacific looking for a better life than they could hope to find in their homeland. Relatively few arrive in California before the Gold Rush, but after 1848 the numbers increase dramati...