Ionic Bonding
This program uses the idea of filling electron shells to explain the formation of cations and anions. Electrostatic forces are then used to explain lattice formation, and the relationship between properties and structure is examined. Ionic bonding i...
Bonding in Molecules
This program considers the bonds formed when atoms share electrons (covalent bonding). The idea of filling electron shells to reach a more stable state is used to explain the formation of simple molecules such as water and methane. Shapes of molecul...
Bonding Between Molecules
In this program, bonding is explained in terms of dipole-dipole bonding for polar molecules, and dispersion forces for both polar and nonpolar molecules. Changes of state for water are examined, and the decreased density of ice when compared with li...