Increasing congestion places a strain on the capacity of cities to protect those who live within their boundaries. When plagues hit, like the cholera epidemic that invades cities in the 19th century, city officials are forced to implement public hea...
When it was opened in 1948, the Fresh Kills landfill on Staten Island in New York was supposed to be a temporary measure of only five years duration. Built on a wetlands with no liner to prevent groundwater contamination, the site has been kept in o...