04:09
Beneath the Surface: Spreading, Scattering and Shadow Zones
The rate at which sound spreads out in the ocean is affected by scattering, which often occurs when sound waves hit boundaries, like the seafloor and the ocean surface. When sound waves scatter, they may cause the formation of a shadow zone.
00:59
Spreading
Renowned oceanographer and geophysicist Walter Munk observes that spreading decreases the energy of sound as it travels. Energy loss due to spreading is proportional to the square of the distance from the source.