Each excluded group first had to obtain citizenship. The only exception was white women who were citizens without political rights. As a result of the Civil War the rights of blacks were spelled out in the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the Constitution, although Jim Crow laws diminished the effectiveness of these constitutional gains for a century. It wasn't until the 19th amendment in 1920 the women gained the right to vote. American Indians did not achieve citizenship en masse until the Indian Citizen's Act in 1924.

Political Science Collection

excluded groups, white women, blacks, 13th amendment, 14th amendment, 15th amendment, 19th amendment, Indian Citizen's Act, Jim Crow laws, conservative court, Equal Rights: Struggling Toward Fairness

American History, American Government and Politics, Civics, Framework for Democracy

Bailyn, Ph.D., Bernard (Performer), Guinier, Lani (Performer), McClain, Ph.D., Paula D. (Performer), INTELECOM Intelligent Telecommunications (Firm)

00:02:10 (HH:MM:SS)

English

Name	INTELECOM Intelligent Telecommunications
Role	Distributor
Telephone	800-576-2988 x122
Address	150 E. Colorado Blvd. Ste. 300, Pasadena, CA 91105
Email	[email protected]

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