The Nation's Welfare: Growth of Welfare Programs in the United States
The Social Security Act of 1935 launched a number of educational and job training initiatives that were administered by the states. Funding was also set aside for individual benefits: food stamps, subsidized housing, and..
The Nation's Welfare: Public Backlash Against Public Benefit Programs
Public backlash against public benefit programs continued to grow throughout the course of the 1970s, '80s and '90s. Some advocated eliminating the system entirely or at least subjecting it to major reforms. At its heigh..
The Nation's Welfare: Two Divergent Tiers of the American Welfare State, The
As the number of people on welfare roles increased, concern over the cost of public assistance programs grew. By contrast, investment in social insurance programs that benefit the middle class were politically popular, n..
The Nation's Welfare: Welfare Reform
Congress responded to public pressure to reduce federal involvement in welfare programs by passing the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act just prior to the 1996 election. This legislation replaced AFDC with..
The Nature of the Mind
Philosopher Hilary Putnam describes his current view of the mind, stating that we actually see and experience the external world, and not just an internal representation of it.
The Ocean as a Sound Channel
Renowned oceanographer and geophysicist Walter Munk talks about differences in the ways sound travels in the ocean as compared to through the air. He observes that the ocean is an ideal medium through which sound can tra..
The Ocean's Memory: Biogenous Sediments
While most sediments are terrigenous, there are other sediments that are also found in the marine environment. Biogenous sediments are those that form from the shells or skeletons of marine animals.
The Ocean's Memory: Obtaining and Analyzing Sediment Samples
Despite its temporary nature, sediment remains uniquely valuable. As a result, oceanographers have worked hard to refine the process of obtaining and analyzing sediment samples.
The Ocean's Memory: Oil, Gas and Manganese Nodules
Sediment is a uniquely valuable commodity within the marine environment. Oil, natural gas, coal, diamonds, gravel, sand, tin and titanium are all associated with marine sediment. Perhaps the most famous potential deep se..
The Ocean's Memory: Sediment Distribution Patterns
While sediments of all varieties can be found almost anywhere in the marine environment, there are some very distinct distribution patterns.