The Ocean's Memory: Sediments and Earth's Magnetic Field
As with climate changes, there have been some unexplained aberrations in Earth's magnetic field during the recent past. Marine sediments provide important information that may help scientists better understand those abe..
The Ocean's Memory: Sediments and Past Climate
As sediments get laid down, they carry with them a record of the kind of environment in which they were formed. Scientists can read that record and learn valuable information about past climate and temperature change.
The Ocean's Memory: Terrigenous Sediments
Sediment is the debris that accumulates on the surface of the Earth as the result of chemical, physical and biological processes. Most sediment, known as terrigenous sediment, forms when rain falls on soil and washes it ..
The Paint and Surface Coating Industries: Architectural Coatings
The dangers of lead-based paints were essentially unknown to the public until the 1970's. At that time, over four million children were found to have elevated levels of lead in their blood as a result of breathing dust ..
The Paint and Surface Coating Industries: Paint, Surface Coating and the Environment
Every wall, every car--almost every object we come in contact with--has some sort of paint or surface coating. With the growth and sophistication of the paint and surface coating industries have come environmental and h..
The Paint and Surface Coating Industries: Powder Coatings
Over the years, there has been a trend away from coatings that emit volatile organic compounds. One of the more exciting developments in this regard has been the use of powder coatings. Powder coatings are applied as d..
The Paint and Surface Coating Industries: Surface Stripping
To keep the nation's fleet of military aircraft painted requires thousand of gallons of paint and primer, and a year-round effort. At military facilities like Hill Air Force Base, the past use of hazardous liquid solven..
The Paint and Surface Coating Industries: The Auto Body Industry
For decades, workers in the auto body industry were exposed to hazardous emissions, and pollutants were leached into the air. As a result, auto paint manufacturers resolved to develop more environmentally friendly paint..
The Papermaking Industry: History of Papermaking
A variety of materials and methods is used to create paper, but the basic process still involves techniques that are centuries old: the moistening, separating and intertwining of fibers to form a sheet. Different kinds ..
The Papermaking Industry: Kraft Pulping
In the Kraft process, making pulp begins by conveying wood chips of uniform size into a vessel called a digester. Once the pulp-making process is complete, the pulp is transformed into paper. However, not all mills mak..