At this very difficult time, Lincoln's Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes President. Johnson is a former slaveholder and wartime governor of Tennessee, a loyal unionist Democrat who was put on the ticket to broaden th..
President Johnson is no longer a serious obstacle to the passage of radical legislation, but he still is the person responsible for administering Reconstruction programs. The Radicals have little confidence in his motiva..
The influence of radical Republicans, more progressive as far as blacks are concerned, is diminished as moderate Republicans come into power. They nominate Ulysses S. Grant for the presidency in 1868, perhaps the only ma..
Republicans in Congress legislate a more radical version of reconstruction through a series of Reconstruction Acts they pass over Johnson's veto. It is clear that they don't want treasons Southerners in Congress within m..
The fact that most medical expenditures are paid by health insurance often blinds us to the actual costs of medical care. Despite the initiation of cost-saving measures known as "managed care" in the mid 1980s the cost o..
Why have healthcare costs risen so precipitously? For one thing, the medical scene itself has changed, as Dr. William Schwartz, author of The Painful Prescription remembers. In the 1950s health-related expenditures compr..
Are there approaches to health care or decision-making models other countries use that might prove helpful? Dr. William Schwartz comments on the results of his investigation of the British healthcare system. From an inte..
Another factor in the healthcare equation is the efficiency of the delivery system itself. Many hospitals have not been operating at full capacity; some are closing for this reason. Hospitals with trauma centers find it ..
Competing need...limited dollars. Should more people be served a little less well or should medical care be provided, regardless of cost, to anyone who can afford to pay for it? Renowned health policy experts and health ..
In the last few years, many healthcare solution strategies have been placed on the table. The fact that no definitive course of action has been adopted reflects the complexities of the issues involved. Equitable access t..