Against the Grain: Deviant Behavior: Its Many Forms
The notion of what exactly constitutes deviance is blurred at best, because any definition of such behavior is generally laced with moral and religious overtones. By their very nature, these are rarely black and white, a..
Against the Grain: Drugs and the Drug War
Drugs in one way or another are involved in a significant percentage of the crimes committed today. Given the complex interaction of social and psychological factors that lead to drug use, not to mention the very differe..
Against the Grain: Incarceration Alternative: Delancey Street
The Delancey Street Foundation, first established in San Francisco, offers those who have committed crimes an alternative to traditional forms of incarceration.
Against the Grain: Ineffectiveness of the Prison System
In a great number of cases, the likelihood that a prison term will bring about rehabilitation is not very good. The Delancey Street concept diverges from traditional incarceration in that each of the residents is account..
Against the Grain: Violent Crime
The deviant acts that generally have the greatest impact and tend to get the most attention are those that involve some form of violence. While most people agree that violent behavior is unacceptable, there is much less ..
All Together: Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management
Frederick Winslow Taylor's approach to management, known as scientific management, involved breaking a job down into its component parts and structuring the work flow so that each part could be done as efficiently as pos..
All Together: Growth of Organizations, The
Modern societies are comprised of millions of organizations. The number has dramatically increased over the past hundred years as society has become more industrialized and more productive.
All Together: Increased Teamwork and Worker Participation
While Frederick Winslow Taylor's scientific management approach is still widely used in some industries, American managers have for some time followed their Japanese counterparts in emphasizing teamwork and worker partic..
All Together: Organizational Culture: Norms and Values
Every group or organization has its own unique culture-that is, the norms and values that are specific to that particular group or organization. Often, an organization's or group's culture reflects the culture of the soc..
All Together: Organizational Culture: Rules and Conformity
Many organizations are intolerant of ideas and viewpoints that don't fit into their culture. The result in some cases is a kind of "group-think" or conformity that can severely undermine an organization's effectiveness.